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What are the Different Hernia Types?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Hernias can appear at any location in the body where tissue is weak and therefore potentially vulnerable to herniation. Abdominal hernias are the most common and most well-known type of hernia, and they are usually easy to identify and treat. While many hernia types cause a characteristic bulge and pain which make diagnosis fairly straightforward, some hernia types occur inside the body, where the herniation may not be apparent until a complication such as strangulation has developed.

A hernia occurs when an internal organ or pocket of fatty tissue pushes through the material which is supposed to protect it and hold it in place. In a classic example of a hernia, the intestines push through the abdomen, creating an abdominal hernia. Herniation can occur in a previously weakened site, such as an area where surgery occurred, or it can happen as a result of prolonged strain and stress. In all cases, it is important to surgically repair the hernia to prevent complications.

Hernias are categorized based on where they occur, including in the upper abdomen, the navel area, or lower in the body.
Hernias are categorized based on where they occur, including in the upper abdomen, the navel area, or lower in the body.

Abdominal hernias, which involve the intestines or fat of the abdomen, can be divided into several different hernia types. Inguinal hernias, which occur around the ground area, account for around three quarters of all abdominal hernias. In femoral hernias, a bulge appears lower in the body, while umbilical hernias cause a characteristic swelling of the navel. In an epigastric hernia, fatty tissue pushes its way through the muscles between the navel and the chest.

An abdominal hernia occurs when the intestines push through the abdomen.
An abdominal hernia occurs when the intestines push through the abdomen.

Some internal hernia types include perineal hernias, in which internal organs push through the pelvic floor, and diatal and diaphragmatic hernias, which involve a weakening of the diaphragm. In these hernias, the stomach and other internal organs can push up into the chest, compressing the lungs and making it difficult to breathe. Some people are born with diaphragmatic hernias, and they require immediate surgery to correct this life-threatening birth defect.

A hiatal hernia occurs when the muscles of the stomach surrounding the hiatus bulge upward into the diaphragm and chest cavity.
A hiatal hernia occurs when the muscles of the stomach surrounding the hiatus bulge upward into the diaphragm and chest cavity.

Spinal disc herniations occur when the tough outer casing which normally protects the spinal discs weakens, allowing the soft material inside to bulge out. These hernia types can cause considerable pain and long-term damage if they are not addressed, as they may lead to pinched nerves. Anal hernias are characterized by a bulge which appears around the anus, sometimes inside the body and sometimes outside.

In many cases, it's important to surgically repair hernia.
In many cases, it's important to surgically repair hernia.

In a so-called “sports hernia,” people experience chronic groin pain and a widening of the inguinal canal. True herniation does not occur in these cases, but the condition can feel like a hernia, and it is often treated with the same surgical techniques which are used to address real hernias.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a TheHealthBoard researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a TheHealthBoard researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

heath925

@geronimo8- There are different ways you can get a spinal disc herniation, but a lot of the time it's from lifting heavy objects the wrong way. The expression "lift with your legs, not with your back," is an important one. Lifting with your back bent can lead to a spinal disc herniation.

geronimo8

I never knew there were so many different types of hernias. All I had ever heard of were the types of abdominal hernias.

I can't imagine having a spinal disc herniation. That sounds very painful. How can I avoid one of these?

calpat

When I hear the word "hernia" all I think of is pain. I've seen people with an abdominal hernia, and it did not look fun. All I can say is, I hope I never get one.

Recently though, I saw a baby with an umbilical hernia, and to my surprise, it didn't cause the baby any pain at all!

I guess the different hernia types and their symptoms that can vary quite a bit.

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    • Hernias are categorized based on where they occur, including in the upper abdomen, the navel area, or lower in the body.
      By: ruigsantos
      Hernias are categorized based on where they occur, including in the upper abdomen, the navel area, or lower in the body.
    • An abdominal hernia occurs when the intestines push through the abdomen.
      By: Monkey Business
      An abdominal hernia occurs when the intestines push through the abdomen.
    • A hiatal hernia occurs when the muscles of the stomach surrounding the hiatus bulge upward into the diaphragm and chest cavity.
      By: snapgalleria
      A hiatal hernia occurs when the muscles of the stomach surrounding the hiatus bulge upward into the diaphragm and chest cavity.
    • In many cases, it's important to surgically repair hernia.
      By: dacasdo
      In many cases, it's important to surgically repair hernia.
    • A patient with a hiatal hernia may experience nausea and vomiting.
      By: Piotr Marcinski
      A patient with a hiatal hernia may experience nausea and vomiting.
    • An inguinal hernia occurs when the small intestine protrudes through the lower abdominal wall.
      By: AlienCat
      An inguinal hernia occurs when the small intestine protrudes through the lower abdominal wall.
    • Abdominal hernias are the most common and well-known type of hernia.
      By: Photographee.eu
      Abdominal hernias are the most common and well-known type of hernia.
    • An epigastric hernia may occur below the ribcage and above the navel.
      By: CLIPAREA.com
      An epigastric hernia may occur below the ribcage and above the navel.