What Are the Different Types of Endocrine System Diseases?

The endocrine system is made up of several glands that are responsible for the production and secretion of vital hormones that allow the body to function normally. When one or more of these glands stops functioning properly, a variety of endocrine system diseases may occur. Some of the most common disorders affecting the endocrine system include polycystic ovarian syndrome, diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction. Additional endocrine system diseases include osteoporosis, adrenal insufficiency, and growth hormone deficiency. Any specific questions or concerns about possible endocrine system diseases in an individual situation should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome, commonly referred to as PCOS, is among the possible endocrine system diseases that can affect women, especially those of childbearing age. Symptoms of this disorder may include pelvic pain, weight gain, and irregular menstrual periods. Treatment may include dietary changes, hormone replacement therapy, or the use of fertility drugs.

Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine system diseases and may affect both males and females. This condition occurs when the body does not produce or properly utilize a hormone known as insulin, leading to fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Treatment for diabetes may involve dietary or lifestyle modification as well as the use of prescription medications.

Thyroid dysfunction occurs when the thyroid gland does not function properly and produces too much or too little of the thyroid hormones. Women are affected by this type of disease more often than men and may experience weight gain, constipation, and an inability to develop a fever, even when an infection is present. Hormone replacement therapy or the use of herbal supplements may help to restore healthy thyroid function.

Osteoporosis is technically a bone disease, although problems with the endocrine system may contribute to the development of this condition. Estrogen deficiencies may cause the bones to become thin or weakened, common symptoms of osteoporosis. Dietary changes, exercise, and the use of over-the-counter or prescription medications are common treatment options for this disease.

Adrenal dysfunction and growth hormone deficiency are possible endocrine system diseases. The adrenal glands are located just above each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that help the body cope with stress as well as those that trigger puberty and regulate sexual function. Medications or surgical intervention may be necessary to treat adrenal dysfunction. Growth hormone deficiency occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone, leading to delayed growth patterns in children. Treatment for this endocrine disorder typically involves the use of periodic injections that contain the human growth hormone.