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What Is a Pipe Threader?

B. Turner
B. Turner

A pipe threader is a device used to cut grooves or threads into the end of a metal pipe. These grooves are similar to those found on a traditional screw, and serve the same basic function. A pipe threader allows plumbers or builders to fasten a length of pipe securely to a coupling or connector. The threads on the pipe fit into a pattern of threads in the connector, allowing users to screw the two components together by hand. This device allows installers to complete plumbing projects quickly, and also serves as a handy tool for emergency or repair work.

Before threading the pipe, plumbers use a pipe-cutting tool to cut the pipe to the desired length. The end of the pipe is then inserted into the pipe threader. Special cutting tools, or dies, within the threader can be used to create the proper thread profile and depth. Manual pipe threaders are operated using a ratcheting motion, while larger units include a motor to automatically cut the threads. The pipe threader must be lubricated with special oil to ensure a smooth cut and to maximize the life of equipment.

The threads, or grooves, on a pipe can be made with a pipe threader.
The threads, or grooves, on a pipe can be made with a pipe threader.

After cutting threads, users must clean the threads using a tool known as a thread reamer. This device smooths out the edges of the threads and removes burs or debris. Without the thread reamer, the user would have difficulty screwing the pipe into the connector.

Different types of pipe-threading machines are designed to accommodate various pipe materials and diameters. Small tabletop units can thread very small diameter pipes, such as those found in the home. Professional plumbers often use tripod or truck-mounted machines, which are much heavier and capable of threading larger pipes. The largest and most heavy-duty pipes require the use of an industrial pipe threader, which is so large and heavy that it cannot be transported to the job site.

Similar to drill bits, reamers are used to widen an existing hole into an exact diameter, and can be used to clean a newly threaded pipe for burs and debris.
Similar to drill bits, reamers are used to widen an existing hole into an exact diameter, and can be used to clean a newly threaded pipe for burs and debris.

The primary advantage associated with pipe threaders is the speed and productivity they provide to plumbing professionals. Without a pipe threader, users would have to buy pre-cut lengths of pipe that were pre-threaded by the manufacturer. This machine allows builders to cut pipes to the proper length in the field, then thread them as needed. This means fewer trips to the store, resulting in a shorter project schedule. It also makes it easy for plumbers to quickly complete repair work during a plumbing emergency, as they can examine the problem and immediately cut and thread pipes to replace damaged units.

Discussion Comments

anon997909

I can't find proof of the existence of "thread reamers" as mentioned in this post, a tool that smooths out threads. I know about normal reamers removing burrs.

Charred

@hamje32 - The power pipe threader must be a really strong tool. It takes a lot of force to etch grooves in steel and iron pipes.

I always thought they only came premanufactured. I can’t imagine anyone wanting to use a manual product that requires a lot of ratcheting to create the grooves. You would need to be pretty strong in my opinion to use that kind of a tool.

hamje32

Don’t underestimate the importance of correct threading in your pipes. I took this for granted until I had to work on a home improvement project once.

I went to the store and got two steel pipes with connectors on each end. When I got home and tried to screw them together they wouldn’t fit tightly. I was dumbfounded; they would screw on only at a slight angle and then it became nearly impossible to pull them apart.

Finally I went back to the store and told them my predicament. I wanted an exchange, but to my amazement the hardware guy was able to fix the problem. He had a portable pipe threader and he used it to fix the threads. The pipes attached perfectly after that. I didn’t even realize they had those machines in the home improvement shops.

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    • The threads, or grooves, on a pipe can be made with a pipe threader.
      By: Emilian Robert Vicol
      The threads, or grooves, on a pipe can be made with a pipe threader.
    • Similar to drill bits, reamers are used to widen an existing hole into an exact diameter, and can be used to clean a newly threaded pipe for burs and debris.
      By: hejnarphoto
      Similar to drill bits, reamers are used to widen an existing hole into an exact diameter, and can be used to clean a newly threaded pipe for burs and debris.
    • With threaded pipes, plumbers and other workers can screw several pipes together.
      By: injenerker
      With threaded pipes, plumbers and other workers can screw several pipes together.