What Is an Air Thermometer?
An air thermometer is a device that measures the temperature of the indoor or outdoor atmosphere. The most common type consists of a long tube that contains mercury or colored alcohol at the base, although there are also other kinds, such as spring and digital thermometers. When the atmospheric temperature rises, it causes the material inside the air thermometer to expand. Conversely, when the air gets colder, the material contracts and travels back down. Thermometers use temperature scales, either Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin, to provide a measurement of heat in degrees.
One of the earliest thermometers was invented by Galileo approximately 400 years ago to measure water temperature, but devices to measure air temperature were not developed until much later. In general, the idea of an air thermometer is based on the fact that liquids and gases expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. The first air thermometers used the same basic mechanics as many of the instruments used today: a glass tube filled at the end with mercury or colored alcohol that rises through the tube as it is heated. The first thermometers contained water, but later versions switched to alcohol or mercury because their freezing points are lower.
The tube of a thermometer usually has a scale printed on it that gives a measurement of temperature, and the liquid inside rises to a certain point on that scale depending on how hot it is. In the United States, the Fahrenheit scale is most commonly used, which begins at a freezing point of 32 degrees. The Celsius scale is used in Europe and most parts of the world outside the United States and begins with zero degrees as the freezing point. The Kelvin scale is a third type of measurement that is based on the theoretical concept of absolute zero, a point at which molecules completely stop moving and cannot get any colder. It is primarily used in scientific applications.
Another type of air thermometer uses a heat-sensitive metal coil attached to a dial or gauge to measure air temperature. As the air gets hotter, the spring expands, causing the pointer to move higher. A spring thermometer may not be as accurate as one that uses liquid. A digital thermometer contains heat-sensitive material and displays the temperature measurement on an electronic screen rather than on a printed scale. Digital thermometers can often work more quickly than other types.
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![An air thermometer measures the indoor or outdoor temperature.]()
By: photlookAn air thermometer measures the indoor or outdoor temperature. -
![Approximately 400 years ago Galileo Galilei invented a thermometer to measure water temperature.]()
By: nickolaeApproximately 400 years ago Galileo Galilei invented a thermometer to measure water temperature. -
![Galileo thermometers are made with sealed glass tubes that are filled with liquid and a series of weights.]()
By: ImagevixenGalileo thermometers are made with sealed glass tubes that are filled with liquid and a series of weights.
Discussion Comments
Is it from bottom to top or top to bottom?
It's always amazing when the news shows photos of people with their thermometers that show unreal temperatures, like -40 below or 110 above or something like that. It always makes me glad for heating and air-conditioning!
Now that I have a thermometer on the dash display in my car, I can kind of keep track of the temps outside, and that thermometer is pretty accurate. It's usually within a couple of degrees of whatever the weather service says the temp is reading. I also like the displays that have the temperatures inside the car's cabin.
It's also interesting when I fly, to know the outside air temperature. Some airlines have that information available on the displays on the seat backs. I like knowing where I am, as well as the temperature
Our high school physics teacher used to have a Galileo thermometer and she loved it. It was her pride and joy. I think she got it from some science supply house. No telling how much it cost, and she was really protective of it.
I never really learned to read it, but it was always a fascinating instrument and it's interesting to think how long people have been interested in the weather and measuring aspects of what's going on outside.
It's interesting to think the discipline of meteorology came out of Galileo experimenting with his thermometer, to measure how cold or warm it was outside.
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